In India, fertility rate has fallen below replacement level. Analyse the implications of this in the context of India’s demographic transition.
Answer: Recent urban flooding events in cities like Mumbai and Vijayawada highlight the ecological stress arising from unplanned urbanisation. “Sponge Cities” refer to urban areas designed to absorb, store, and purify rainwater through natural and engineered systems.
Ecological Stress from Unplanned Urbanisation in India
- Urban Flooding and Collapse of Drainage Systems: Rapid concretisation and encroachment on natural waterways have led to frequent urban floods. Example: In July 2024, Mumbai received over 300 mm rainfall in six hours, crippling its drainage system.
- Destruction of Natural Recharge Zones: Wetlands and green areas have been lost, reducing groundwater recharge. Example: India has ....
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UPSC
- 1 Political apathy among citizens weakens democratic institutions and accountability. Discuss the ethical dimensions of political apathy and suggest measures to promote responsible civic participation.
- 2 What is Flexible Inflation Targeting (FIT)? In the context of India’s emerging macroeconomic scenario, evaluate its effectiveness in achieving its stated objectives.
- 3 Highlight the constitutional and legal provisions governing the Delimitation Commission in India and discuss why the upcoming delimitation exercise has raised concerns in southern states.
- 4 In India’s parliamentary structure, the Rajya Sabha is often considered a secondary chamber. Critically examine.
- 5 In the Indian parliamentary system, Department-Related Standing Committees (DRSCs) are often called 'mini-parliaments.' Examine.
- 6 The Small Island Developing States (SIDS) of the Indian Ocean are not only vulnerable regions but also strategic partners in India’s Indo-Pacific vision. Discuss.
- 7 Digital access has become the 'new gateway' to participatory democracy in India. In this context, how does the 2025 Supreme Court judgment declaring digital access as a fundamental right strengthen participatory democracy? Explain with suitable examples.
- 8 Mental health challenges among youth in India are not just personal struggles but indicators of systemic developmental gaps. Examine.
- 9 The concept of "Sponge Cities" is gaining attention in urban areas. Discuss this in the context of ecological stress caused by unplanned urbanisation in India.
- 10 While regionalism in India has often served as a medium for cultural assertion and developmental demands, it can also pose challenges to national integration. Analyse.
