Chronicle To The Point General Science & Environment

Chronicle To the point NCERT plus for General studies & General Knowledge, The compilation of NCERT Books, IGNOU, NIOS & State Board for all competitive exams

Chronicle To The Point NCERT Plus General Science & Environment for all competitive exams – comprehensive coverage with chapter-wise presentation of topics based on UPSC/State PSCs General Studies syllabus. Access a unique compilation from old and new NCERT books, IGNOU & NIOS study materials and standard books from which questions are frequently asked in exams. Explore UNIT I: PHYSICS; UNIT II: CHEMISTRY; UNIT III: BIOLOGY; UNIT IV: ECOLOGY and ENVIRONMENT in NCERT Plus for in-depth preparation of UPSC and other competitive examinations.

About the book & Content

TO THE POINT NCERT Plus :

For All Competitive Exams –

• Chapter-wise Presentation of Topics based on Syllabus of General Studies with Comprehensive Coverage of General Knowledge.

• A Compilation of Old and New NCERT Books (Class 6 to 12) - NCERT Plus & Study Material of IGNOU & NIOS, and many other Standard Books from which Questions are often asked in Exams.

Content

UNIT I: PHYSICS

Units & Measurement

• Physical Quantities
• Units
• Measurement
• Dimensions of Physical Quantities

Motion

• Motion and Dimension
• Scalars and Vectors
• Distance and Displacement
• Speed, Velocity and Acceleration
• Kinematics
• Laws of Motion
• Friction
• Equilibrium
• Circular Motion

Work, Energy and Power

• Work
• Energy
• Renewable Energy
• Conventional Sources of Energy
• Power
• Collisions

Gravitation

• History of Gravitational Theory
• Weight

Mechanical Properties of Solids and Fluids

• Mechanics of Solids
• Elasticity
• Stress
• Strain
• Three Moduli of Elasticity
• Bonding in Solids
• Mechanics of Fluid
• Pressure
• Fluid Dynamics

Thermodynamics

• Thermodynamics
• Internal Energy
• Newton’s Law of Cooling
• Scales of Temperature
• Kinetic Theory of Gases
• Thermal Expansion
• Mechanism of Heat Transfer

Oscillation

• Simple Harmonic Motion
• Uniform Circular Motion

Wave

• Mechanical Waves
• Electromagnetic Waves
• Matter Waves
• Waves: Miscellaneous

Sound

• Echo & Reverberation

Light

• Nature of Light
• Properties of Light
• Types of Mirrors
• Lens
• Human Eye
• Theories of Light
• Photometry
• Colour

Magnetism

• Magnet
• Magnetism

Electricity

• Electric Charge
• Electric Current
• Ohm’s Law
• Coulomb’s Law
• Electrostatic Nature of Substances
• Magnetic Effects of Electric Current

Atomic Physics

• Atom and Nucleus
• X-Rays
• Structure of the Atoms and Nucleus
• Mass-Energy
• Nuclear Reactions
• Radioactivity
• Semiconductor
• Communication

UNIT II: CHEMISTRY

Nature and Scope of Chemistry

• Scope of Chemistry
• Main Branches of Chemistry
• Nature and Scope of Chemistry
• Work of Chemists in Different Fields
• Use of Chemistry in Different Sectors
• Problems Caused by Progress in Chemistry

Atoms

• Structure of an Atom
• Dalton’s Atomic Theory
• Discovery of Electrons (Cathode Rays
• Rutherford’s Atomic Model (Proton
• Discovery of Neutron
• Modern Atomic Theory
• Atomic Molecular Theory

Matter

• Characteristics of Particles of Matter
• States of Matter
• Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter
• Conversion of States
• Forces of Interaction
• Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Mixtures
• Ideal Gas Law
• Measurement of Matter
• Law of Chemical Formation

Periodic Properties of Elements

• Mendeleev's Periodic Table
• Modern Periodic Law
• Horizontal and Vertical Relationships in the Periodic Table
• Electronic Configurations
• Filling of Atomic Orbitals
• Quantum Numbers

Chemical Bonding

• Octet Rule
• Theories on Chemical Bonding
• Types of Chemical Bonds

Radioactivity

• Discovery of Radioactivity
• Emission of α, β and γ Radiations
• Theory of Radioactive Disintegration
• Nuclear Reactions

Chemical Reaction

• Type of Chemical Reaction
• Chemical Kinetics
• Chemical Reactions
• Oxidation & Reduction
• The Colloidal State

Catalysis

• Catalyst
• Acids, Bases & Salts

Metals, Metallurgy and Non-Metal

• Metals
• Non-Metals
• Uses of Metals
• Uses of Non-Metals

Electrochemistry

• Conductors
• Cell

Soil Chemistry

• Soil
• Soil Chemistry
• Composition of Soil
• Fertilizers and Pesticides
• Biochemistry

Food Chemistry

• Components of Food
• Food Chemistry
• Food Preservatives
• Emulsifiers and Stabilizers
• Food Sweeteners
• Food Flavours
• Food Colours

Environmental Chemistry

• Components of Environment
• Pollution
• Air Pollution
• Water Pollution

Scientific Laws, Instruments & Inventions

• Scientific Laws
• Scientific Instruments
• Inventions & Inventors
• Glossary

UNIT III: BIOLOGY

Introduction to Biology

• The Living World
• Sub-Branches of Biology
• Famous Biologists and their Contributions

Cell Biology

• Cell Theory
• Cell Structure
• Cell Organelles and Their Functions
• Cell Types
• Cell-Division and Cell-Cycle
• Biomolecules
• Carbohydrates
• Proteins
• Lipids
• Nucleic Acids
• Enzymes
• Hormones
• Primary Metabolites and Secondary
• Metabolites

Genetics

• Mendel’s Experiments and Heredity
• Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance
• Crossing Over or Recombination
• Mutation
• Genetic Disorders due to Chromosomal
• Abnormalities
• Genetic Terminologies

Evolution

• Theories of Origin of Life
• Evolution of Life Forms
• Mechanism of Evolution
• Origin and Evolution of Man

Diversity in the Living World

• Taxonomy
• Biological Classification
• Viruses

Plant Kingdom

• Classification of Plants
• Cryptogamae
• Phanerogamae

Morphology of Flowering Plants

• The Root
• The Stem
• The Leaf
• The Flower
• The Fruit
• The Seed

Anatomy of Flowering Plants

• The Tissue System
• Anatomy of Dicotyledonous and Monocotyledonous Plants

Plant Physiology

• Mode of Nutrition in Plants
• Transport in Plants
• Nutrition in Plants
• Photosynthesis in Plants
• Respiration

Reproduction in Plants

• Asexual Reproduction
• Sexual Reproduction

Animal Kingdom

• Basis of Classification
• Classification of Animal Kingdom
• Phylum Protozoa
• Phylum Porifera
• Phylum Coelenterata (Cnidaria)
• Phylum Ctenophora
• Phylum Platyhelminthes
• Phylum Aschelminthes or Nematoda
• Phylum Annelida
• Phylum Arthropoda
• Phylum Mollusca
• Phylum Echinodermata
• Another System of Classification
• Phylum Hemichordata
• Phylum Chordata

Skeletal System

• Skeletal System
• Division of the Skeletal System
• Muscular System

Animal Tissue

• Type of Animal Tissues
• Blood
• Lymph
• Blood Groups

Digestive System

• Parts of Alimentary Canal
• The Accessory Structures
• Functioning of Digestive System

Sensory Organs

• Eyes
• Ears
• Nose
• Tongue
• Skin

Nervous System

• Basic Cells of the Nervous System
• Divisions of Neural System

Endocrine System

• Hormones
• Endocrine Glands
• Exocrine Glands

Immune System

• Tissues and Organs Involved in the Immune System
• Types of Immunity
• Vaccination

Circulatory System

• Heart
• The Blood Vessels
• Blood Circulation

Respiratory System

• Parts of Respiratory System
• Transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide
• Major Respiratory Disorders

Excretory System

• Excretory Products and their Elimination
• Human Excretory System: Anatomy
• Functioning of Excretory System
• Urine Formation

Reproductive System

• Asexual Reproduction
• Sexual Reproduction
• Reproduction in Human Beings
• Fertilization

Health and Nutrition

• Nutrition
• Health and Disease

Disease and Diagnosis

• Types of Diseases
• Communicable Diseases
• Non-Communicable Diseases

Biotechnology

• Branches of Biotechnology
• Principles of Biotechnology
• Applications of Biotechnology
• Biotechnology in India
• Biotechnology Terminologies

Microbiology

• Historical Roots of Microbiology
• General Characteristics of Microorganisms
• Classification of Microorganisms
• Bacteria (Monera)
• Protozoa
• Fungi
• Algae
• Virus
• Microbial Metabolism
• Enzymes
• Cellular Respiration
• Fermentation
• Terminologies Related to Microbiology

UNIT IV: ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT

Introduction to Environment

• Components of Environment
• Segments of Environment
• Importance of Environmental Studies
• Challenges Facing Environment

Ecology and Ecosystem

• Ecology
• Principles of Ecology
• Ecological Succession
• Biotic Interactions in a Food Web
• Pollutants and Trophic Levels: Bio-magnification and Bioaccumulation
• Bio-Geo Chemical Cycles or Nutrient Cycling
• Natural Ecosystems
• Functions of Ecosystem

Biodiversity and Conservation

• Biodiversity
• Importance of Biological Diversity
• Loss of Biodiversity
• Conservation of Biodiversity

Environment and Natural Resources

• Natural Resources
• Non-Renewable Resources
• Renewable Energy Resources
• Energy Efficiency

Global Warming

• Global Warming
• Ozone Depletion

Environmental Pollution and Land

• Degradation
• Pollution
• Land Degradation
• Soil Erosion
• Wasteland Management

Forestry and Environment

• Forests
• Social Forestry
• Deforestation

Environmental Crisis and Hazards

• Major Environmental Hazards
• Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk
• Reduction

Environmental Legislation

• National Legislation
• International Legislations