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Civil Services Chronicle May 2025

Article

Big Issue :- Preserving Peatlands : A Sustainable Approach to Combat Global Warming - By Ranjeet Shah

Spotlight :- IOR: India’s Economic and Strategic Imperatives in the Age of Geopolitical Flux

Spotlight :- Unlocking the Potential of MSMEs Strategies to Tackle Key Barriers - By Noopur Joshi

Current Affairs In Focus

1 Quantum Computing and National Security: Implications & Imperatives for India

2 India-Mauritius: A Fresh Impetus to Bilateral Ties

3 Accelerating Global Glacier Loss: Multidimensional Impacts & Solutions

Economy Watch

1 Cabinet Approves Revised National Program for Dairy Development

2 Revised Rashtriya Gokul Mission Approved

3 Parliamentary Standing Committee’s Report on Fisheries Sector

4 Pashu Aushadhi Initiative

5 ICRA Report on Indian Municipal Bond Market

6 Components of Gold Monetisation Scheme Discontinued

7 Changing Dynamics of India’s Remittances

8 10 Years of Sagarmala Programme: Powering India’s Maritime Revolution

9 Energy Statistics India 2025

10 Electronics Component Manufacturing Scheme

11 PAC Flags Issues Faced by MSMEs under GST

12 Centre Notifies Revised Criteria for Classifying MSMEs

13 Samarth Incubation Program

India Watch

1 Rashtriya Karmayogi Jan Seva Programme

2 International Workshop on Land Governance

3 NITI NCAER States Economic Forum Portal

4 National Workshop on Strengthening India's Innovation Ecosystem

5 Standing Committee Report on Demands for Grants

6 National Scheme Sanctioning Committee Meeting under SBM-G

7 Enabling Women's Participation in India's Logistics Sector

8 In-House Judicial Enquiry

9 SC Raises Concerns over Subsidised Food Distribution Schemes

World Watch

1 India and New Zealand Strengthen Bilateral Cooperation

2 Jaipur 3R and Circular Economy Declaration

3 Second Meeting of the India-EU Trade and Technology Council (TTC)

4 Fourth Conference of Global Intelligence and Security Chiefs

5 US Intensifies Airstrikes against Houthis

6 Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan Sign Border Demarcation Deal

7 US Tariffs and Global Trade War Escalation

8 Cairo Declaration: The Arab League’s Vision for Gaza

9 Lithuania Exits the Convention on Cluster Munitions

Science & Technology

1 SpaDeX Mission: ISRO Successfully Undocks Satellites in Space

2 NASA Launches SPHEREx Mission

3 ISRO Develops Indigenous Microprocessors for Space Applications

4 Aditya-L1 Captures Unprecedented Solar Flare Details

5 India, US Firms Partner to Develop ASW Drones

6 India Successfully Test-Fires ASTRA BVRAAM

7 DRDO Renames Astra MK-III Missile as Gandiva

8 France Discovers World's Largest Natural Hydrogen Reserve

9 Scientists Discover Thriving Life Beneath Antarctic Ice Shelf

10 Scientists Transform Light into Supersolid for the First Time

Ecology & Environment

1 Global Decline of Seagrass: Impact on Climate and Marine Ecosystems

2 Climate Change Increasing Flood Frequency in High Mountain Asia

3 World's Strongest Ocean Current Slowing Due to Antarctic Ice Melt

4 Kasampatty Sacred Grove Declared as Biodiversity Heritage Site

5 2030 Global Forest Vision: Priority Actions for Governments in 2025

6 State of the World’s Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (SoW3)

7 Madhav National Park: India’s 58th Tiger Reserve

8 New Jumping Spider Species Discovered in Western Ghats

9 Rushikonda Beach: Blue Flag Certification Restored

10 Delhi Ranked World’s Most Polluted Capital for the Sixth Year

11 WMO’s State of the Global Climate 2024 Report

12 Centre Launches Hydrogen Vehicle Pilot Projects

13 India Becomes World’s Third-Largest Biofuel Producer

News Notes

1 Christopher Luxon

2 Steve Waugh

3 Ayushmann Khurrana

4 Krishnamachari Srikkanth

5 Ekrem Imamoglu

6 Kirsty Coventry

7 Justice Joymalya Bagchi

8 Anju Rathi Rana

9 Indranil Bhattacharyya

10 Amitabh Kant

11 Justice Harish Tandon

12 Ajay Seth

13 Dr. Shivkumar Kalyanaraman

14 Atul Kumar Goel

15 Vikas Kaushal

16 Ajay Bhadoo

17 Rajiv Gauba

18 Ramakanta Rath

19 George Foreman

20 Garimella Balakrishna Prasad

21 Prem Prakash

22 Frederick Sydney Stolle

23 Arvind Singh Mewar

24 Padmakar Shivalkar

25 Important Days

26 AIKEYME

27 Exercise INDRA

28 VARUNA 2025

29 Bongosagar 2025 & CORPAT

30 KHANJAR-XII

31 INIOCHOS-25

32 Sea Dragon 2025

33 Prachand Prahar

34 Raisina Dialogue

35 ‘No Money for Terror’ (NMFT) Conference

36 Water Sustainability Conference 2025

37 World Sustainable Development Summit

38 Stockholm Water Prize

39 ACM A.M. Turing Award

40 Sangita Kalanidhi Award

41 Maharashtra Bhushan

42 Ramsar Award for 'Wetland Wise Use'

43 Jnanpith Award

Art & Culture

1 Kamba Ramayana Parayanam

2 Bagad Yatra

3 New Indian Heritage Sites Added to UNESCO's Tentative List

4 Mudumal Megalithic Menhirs

5 Contributions of Women Members of the Constituent Assembly

Society Watch

1 Students’ Mental Health Concerns: SC Forms National Task Force

2 Government Starts Social Protection Data Pooling Exercise

3 Women’s Role in India’s Financial Growth Socio- Economic

4 CBSE’s Draft Scheme for Two Examinations

State Watch

Uttar Pradesh

1 India’s First Lithium Grade Refinery

2 COAIEMA Conference

3 National Conference on NCAP

4 MYUVA Scheme

5 Khelo India Women's Taekwondo Championship

Madhya Pradesh

1 India's First PPP Green Waste Processing Plant

2 42nd National Senior Rowing Championship

Bihar

1 Shaurya Vedanam Utsav

2 Digitech Awards 2025

Assam

1 Lachit Barphukan Police Academy

2 ASSAMSAT

Rajasthan

1 Rajasthan Coaching Centres (Control and Regulation) Bill 2025

Uttarakhand

1 Uttarakhand’s First Nanofabrication Facility

2 Udham Singh Nagar District Leads in Lakhpati Didi Yojana

3 Ropeway Projects Approved in Uttarakhand

Maharashtra

1 Phansad Wildlife Sanctuary

Delhi

1 Delhi Police Launches ‘Shishtachar’ Squad to Combat Eve-Teasing

2 PC & PNDT Online Portal

3 Mobile Dental Clinics

Sports In News

Athletics

1 ‘Commonwealth Sport’: New Name for CGF

2 Special Olympics World Winter Games

3 Khelo India Para Games 2025

4 5th Khelo India Winter Games

5 India submits Bid to Host 2030 Commonwealth Games

6 Cheek Swabs for Gender Testing

7 National Dope Testing Laboratory Annual Conference-2025

Badminton

1 All England Open Badminton Tournament

Cricket

1 FIDE World Junior Championship 2025

2 ICC Champions Trophy 2025

3 150th Anniversary of First Test Match

Chess

1 Prague Masters

Football

1 Sunil Chhetri

Gymnastics

1 FIG World Cup

Hockey

1 Hockey India Annual Awards 2024

Kabaddi

1 Kabaddi World Cup 2025

2 Asian Women’s Kabaddi Championship

Sepak Takraw

1 Sepak Takraw World Cup 2025

Info Bytes

1 Info Bytes From Govt. News Services like PIB, AIR, etc

Govt. Magazines Exam Pointers

1 Budgeting for a Brighter Tomorrow

2 Roadmap for Viksit Bharat @ 2047

3 Budget 2025-26: Charting India’s Next Infrastructure Frontier

4 Budget 2025-26: Towards Tax Reforms

5 Green Budgeting in India: A Step towards Sustainable Development

6 Gender Budgeting: A Roadmap towards Inclusivity

7 Union Budget 2025-26: Development Dimensions

8 Initiatives to Boost Local Economy by Increasing Income and Consumption

9 Budgetary Initiatives for Women Empowerment

10 Union Budget 2025-26: Enhancing Healthcare Access

11 Union Budget 2025-26: Enhancing Swachh Bharat and Jal Jeevan Mission

12 Artificial Intelligence in Education

13 A Budget for Progressive Agriculture

14 Leading Indian Women in Scientific Research

15 India’s Quantum Satellite Mission: A New Revolution in Communication and Security

16 Scientific Initiatives: Realizing the Dream of a Developed India

17 Genome India Project: Strengthening the Healthcare System

18 India's Dream of Its First Bullet Train Becoming a Reality

News Snippets

1 Delhi Becomes the 28th Legislature to Join NeVA

2 Sansad Bhashini

3 ​Aadhaar Good Governance Portal

4 ​Surge Intellectual Property (IP) Filings

5 Dalle Chilly

6 Anti-dumping Duties on Chinese Goods

7 Unified Logistics Interface Platform (ULIP)

8 Brownfield Ammonia-Urea Complex Namrup IV Fertilizer Plant

9 Scientific Coal Mining

10 Open Market Operation (OMO)

11 Parvatmala Pariyojana

12 Eklavya Model Residential School (EMRS)

13 Achievements of Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM)

14 Mobile App for PM Internship Scheme

15 APAAR ID

16 Nowruz Festival

17 Valmiki Festival 2025

18 Muzhara Movement

19 NASA Astronauts Return to Earth after 286 Days

20 New Technique to Extract Urea from Urine

21 FireSat Satellite Launched to Detect Wildfires

22 LVM3-M6 Mission: Successful Test of Cryogenic Engine

23 Cyclone Formation & Intensification Factors Quantified

24 India Launches NIDAR to Boost Drone Innovation

25 Darjeeling Zoo Begins DNA Preservation of Wildlife

26 Kanger Valley National Park

27 Heatwave Preparedness in Indian Cities

28 New Species of Congrid Eel Discovered

29 U.S. Withdraws from U.N. Climate Damage Fund Board

30 New Freshwater Algae Species Discovered in Western Ghats

31 India and Mongolia Strengthen Strategic Partnership

32 India-Malaysia Discuss Trade Ties & AITIGA

33 Poland & Baltic States to Withdraw from Ottawa Convention

34 India and Armenia Sign MoU on Medical Product Regulation

35 India-Bhutan Hold Talks on Boundary and Cooperation

36 India and Vietnam Hold Fourth Policy Planning Dialogue

37 US Targets India’s High Tariffs

Terms In Vogue

1 Microlightning

2 Creative Economy

3 Pig Butchering Scams

4 Coalition of the Willing

5 Virtual Digital Spaces

6 Golden Passport

7 Black Plastic

Current Affairs MCQs

1 May 2025 Current Affairs Based Model MCQs

Parliament Q & A

1 Soil Fertility Mapping

2 Indian Pharmaceutical Exports

3 New Shipbuilding and Repair Policy

4 New Scheme for Textile Industry

Fact Sheet

1 Fast Track Special Courts

2 Combating Obesity through Collective Action

Public Policy

1 The Finance Act, 2025

2 The Oilfields (Regulation and Development) Amendment Bill, 2024

3 Immigration and Foreigners Bill, 2025

4 The Bills of Lading Bill, 2024

5 Railways (Amendment) Bill 2024

Reports & Indices

1 United Nations World Water Development Report 2025

2 Global Energy Review 2025

3 Global Debt Report 2025

4 Geo Quarterly India Tech Report

5 Report on Inter-regional Inflationary Disparity

Welfare Schemes

1 Regulations to Operationalise UPS Notified

2 PM-YUVA 3.0: Mentoring Young Authors

3 PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana Achieves Historic Milestone

4 Poshan Abhiyaan: Nourishing the Nation

5 Jan Aushadhi Diwas 2025

Prelims Specials

PSCs Prelims Special

MPPSC

1 Madhya Pradesh State Service Preliminary Examination 2025 Solved Paper [Conducted by Madhya Pradesh Public Service Commission]

Current Affairs

National

1 Waqf (Amendment) Bill, 2024

2 Conserving India’s Manuscript Heritage: Gyan Bharatam Mission

3 Social Media Algorithmic Radicalization

4 Three Language Formula

5 Report on Swachh Bharat Mission - Grameen

6 Right to Access to Justice is not Absolute

7 Draft Digital Personal Data Protection (DPDP) Rules, 2025

8 Annual Ground Water Quality Report

9 Bharatiya Vayuyan Adhiniyam 2024

10 Female Labour Force Participation Rate (LFPR) in India

11 Revenue Challenges of Municipal Corporations in India

12 Panchayat Development Plans: Jan Yojana Abhiyan

13 Jal Hi Amrit Initiative

14 Global Hunger Index

15 Dharti Aaba Janjatiya Gram Utkarsh Abhiyan

16 Sub-classification of Scheduled Castes (SCs)

17 High Seas Treaty: Cabinet Approves India’s Participation

18 Smart Cities Mission Extended

19 Soil Health in India

20 One Nation One Election

21 Urban Water Crisis

22 International Big Cat Alliance

23 NHRC: GANHRI Accreditation Deferred

24 Early Childhood Care and Education

25 Social Infrastructure

26 Civil Services Capacity Building & Mission Karmayogi

27 Demands for New States

28 Sustainable Development of Indian Himalayan Region

29 Women Entrepreneurs in India

30 Urban Poverty

31 Temple Regulation in India

32 Plastic Waste Management in India

33 Review of State Other Backward Classes (OBCs) Lists

34 Judicial Intervention in the Electoral Process

35 Supreme Court Flags Gaps in Implementation of RPwD Act, 2016

36 10 Years of the Street Vendors Act, 2014

37 Centre-State Disputes over Financial Resources

38 UN International Year of Cooperatives 2025

39 Rules Governing OCI Cardholders

40 State Acquisition of Private Property

41 State Finance Commissions (SFCs)

42 Bhuvan Panchayat and National Database for Emergency Management

Indian Economy

1 Banking Laws (Amendment) Bill, 2024

2 Mutual Credit Guarantee Scheme for MSMEs

3 National Critical Mineral Mission (NCMM)

4 Prime Minister Dhan-Dhaanya Krishi Yojana (PMDKY)

5 Skill India Programme

6 Regulation of Payment Systems in India

7 Urban Cooperative Banks

8 Urban Challenge Fund

9 Internationalization of Rupee

10 Fiscal Health Index Report 2025

11 Central Bank Digital Currency

12 Digital Economy

13 Angel Tax

14 Space Economy

15 Coal Sector in India

16 Digital Agriculture Mission

17 Model Skill Loan Scheme

18 10 Years of PMJDY

19 PM E-Drive Scheme

20 India’s Dairy Cooperative Sector

21 10 Years of Make in India

22 Global Innovation Index

23 National Mission on Edible Oils – Oilseeds

24 PM Gati-Shakti National Master Plan

25 Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT)

26 Rural Non-Farm Economy

27 GDP Base Year Revision

28 Tourism Sector in India

29 MFN Clause

30 Human Development Report 2023-24

31 Primary Agricultural Credit Societies (PACS)

32 Krishi Vigyan Kendras

33 Uttar Poorva Transformative Industrialization Scheme, 2024

34 Electric Mobility Promotion Scheme 2024

35 Unemployment in India

36 Consumer Confidence Survey

37 Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana

38 Asset Reconstruction Companies

39 RBI's Surplus Transfer

40 Logistics Sector of India

41 India’s Agriculture Export Policy

42 Priority Sector Lending Norms

43 India’s Contribution to Global Workforce

44 India’s Trade Deficit

45 Offshore Minerals

46 Reserve Bank – Integrated Ombudsman Scheme (RB-IOS), 2021

47 Patents (Amendment) Rules, 2024

International

1 World Happiness Report 2025

2 8th Indian Ocean Conference

3 Global Terrorism Index 2025

4 SIPRI Report, 2025

5 Corruption Perceptions Index, 2024

6 Gold Card Visa for Citizenship

7 English Declared Official U.S. Language

8 Ban on Trans Women in Women’s Sports

9 India-Denmark Green Transition Alliance (GTAI)

10 Brazil Joins OPEC+ as Observer

11 Niger, Mali, Burkina Faso Exit ECOWAS

12 India–France Collaborate on World’s Largest Museum

13 Fall of Bashar al-Assad

14 UK Joins Indo-Pacific Trade Bloc (CPTPP)

15 Canada Ends Fast-Track SDS Visa Program for Indian Students

16 USA Presidential Election 2024

17 Indo-Turkiye Friendship Association

18 5th India-Maldives Defence Cooperation Dialogue

19 Bangladesh Crisis 2024

20 9th AIIB Board of Governors Meeting

21 79th UN General Assembly (UNGA)

22 UN Summit of the Future

23 International WASH Conference 2024

24 Global Hunger Index (GHI) 2024

25 India Hosts ITU WTSA-2024

26 21st ASEAN-India Summit and 19th East Asia Summit

27 16th BRICS Summit, 2024

28 Global Innovation Index (GII) 2024

29 World Giving Index 2024

30 4th Quad Leaders Summit, 2024

31 22nd India-Russia Annual Summit

32 46th World Heritage Committee Meeting

33 Ivory Coast Joins UN Water Convention

34 Colombo Security Conclave (CSC)

35 Global Gender Gap Report, 2024

36 Biopharmaceutical Alliance

37 World Press Freedom Index 2024

38 G7 Leaders' Summit

39 10th World Water Forum

40 Ocean Decade Conference 2024

41 7th Indian Ocean Conference (IOC)

42 Human Development Index 2023-2024

43 18 New Members to Human Rights Council

44 World’s First Major AI Law

45 First Hindu Temple in UAE

46 India Elected to GlobE Steering Committee

Heritage, Art & Culture

1 Mudumal Megalithic Menhirs

2 Potti Sriramulu Statue

3 Confluence of Cultures: Kashi Tamil Sangamam 3.0

4 Maha Kumbh Mela 2025

5 CISF Training Centre Renamed in Honour of Rajaditya Chola

6 Sevdalinka: UNESCO’s National Inventory of Intangible Cultural Heritage

7 Republic Day, 2025

8 Classical Language Status to Five More Indian Languages

9 Ram Temple Project Wins ‘Sword of Honour’ for Safety Excellence

10 22nd Divya Kala Mela

11 Abathsahayeswarar Temple

12 Maritime Heritage Conclave (IMHC 2024)

13 International Gita Mahotsav 2024

14 Ayodhya Deepotsav 2024

15 Smriti Van Earthquake Museum

16 Inauguration of Nalanda University Campus

17 National EMRS Cultural & Literary Fest & Kala Utsav 2024

18 International Ancient Arts Festival and Symposium

19 Shilp Samagam Mela 2024

20 UNESCO’s Tentative World Heritage Sites List

21 UNESCO’s Memory of the World Asia-Pacific Regional Register

22 World Heritage Status to Charaideo Moidams

23 Kozhikode: India’s First UNESCO ‘City of Literature’

24 Srinagar Named as ‘World Craft City’

Science & Technology

1 Sunita Williams Returns to Earth

2 PUNCH Mission

3 SPHEREx Satellite

4 Biolumpivaxin

5 Naval Anti-Ship Missile Short Range (NASM-SR)

6 Pandora Mission

7 Sudan Virus Disease (SVD): Ongoing Outbreak in Uganda

8 World's Largest Propellant Mixer

9 Majorana 1

10 Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV)

11 Nadi Tarangini

12 Indian Genomic Data Set

13 ShakthiSAT

14 India Commissions Three Indigenous Naval Vessels

15 NASA’s Parker Solar Probe Sets Record

16 ISRO's SpaDeX Achieves Historic Docking

17 Aditya-L1 Continues India’s Solar Research

18 INS Tushil

19 India’s First Diabetes Biobank

20 Proba-3 Mission

21 Guided Pinaka MBRL System

22 Direct-to-Device (D2D) Satellite Connectivity

23 Operation Dronagiri

24 AI-Enabled e-Tarang System

25 Long Range Land Attack Cruise Missile (LRLACM)

26 First Indigenous Antibiotic “Nafithromycin” to Combat AMR

27 PAIR Programme

28 Flight-Tests of Advanced VSHORADS System

29 India Eliminates Trachoma as a Public Health Problem

30 Asia’s Largest Cherenkov Telescope in Ladakh

31 NASA’s Europa Clipper Mission

32 BharatGen

33 Polaris Dawn Mission

34 Rudram-I: New Generation Anti-Radiation Missile

35 Successful Test of Agni Prime

36 Mission Divyastra: India’s First MIRV Test

37 LignoSat: The World's First Wooden Satellite

38 Chandrayaan-4 Mission Approved

39 Venus Orbiter Mission

40 Bharatiya Antariksh Station

41 Next Generation Launch Vehicle (NGLV)

42 ‘Bio-RIDE’ Scheme

43 Indian Light Tank ‘Zorawar’

44 DengiAll

45 Rhumi-1: India’s First Reusable Hybrid Rocket

46 Artificial Intelligence Preparedness Index (AIPI) 2024

47 TRISHNA Space Mission

48 World’s First 3D-Printed Rocket Engine

49 World Cybercrime Index 2024

Ecology & Environment

1 World Air Quality Report 2024

2 India’s Biennial Transparency Report (BTR)

3 Climate Risk Index, 2025

4 India’s First Wildlife Biobank

5 PRAKRITI 2025

6 India Energy Week (IEW), 2025

7 ‘XDG 2045’ Ministerial Roundtable

8 Regional Wetlands Workshop under Sahbhagita Mission

9 Nuclear Energy Mission for Viksit Bharat

10 India Reaches 100 GW Solar Capacity Milestone

11 Wetland Conservation: India Adds Four New Ramsar Sites

12 Conserving the Big Cats: IBCA

13 Climate Negotiations at COP29

14 First Indian Port on Environmental Ship Index (ESI)

15 Barytes, Felspar, Mica & Quartz Reclassified as Major Minerals

16 IEA Electricity 2025 Report

17 India State of Forest Report, 2023

18 First State to link Forest Ecosystem to Green GDP

19 Groundwater Contamination in India

20 Management of Solid Waste

21 Global Water Monitor Report 2024

22 Annual Groundwater Quality Report, 2024

23 Swachh Vayu Survekshan Awards 2024

24 UNCCD COP16 – Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

25 UN Biodiversity COP16, Rome

26 COP16 – Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), Colombia

27 WMO’s Greenhouse Gas Bulletin 2023

28 Asia-Pacific Climate Report 2024

29 UNEP Adaptation Gap Report 2024

30 Global Nature Conservation Index 2024

31 UN-Habitat’s World Cities Report 2024

32 State of the Rhino 2024 Report

33 4thGlobal Renewable Energy Investment Meet & Expo (RE-INVEST 2024)

34 Jal Sanchay Jan Bhagidari Initiative

35 Environmental Performance Index (EPI) 2024

36 UN Sustainable Development Report 2024

37 SDG India Index 2023-24

38 Bonn Climate Change Conference 2024

39 Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting

40 Food Waste Index Report 2024

41 State Energy Efficiency Index 2024

42 "The State of the World’s Mangroves 2024" Report

43 UNESCO Designates 11 New Biosphere Reserves

44 Snow Leopard Population Assessment

45 India’s First National Dolphin Research Centre (NDRC)

46 India’s First Gross Environment Product Index (GEP)

47 State of the World’s Forests 2024 Report

Mains Specials

UPPSC

Paper V

1 Uttar Pradesh is one of the oldest origin places of Indian culture; discuss.

2 Analyze the historical background of the major revolutionary movements that occurred in Uttar Pradesh, and throw light on the contributions of the key revolutionaries who participated in them.

3 Active citizen participation is essential to ensure good governance. Analyze the efforts made by the Uttar Pradesh government to encourage citizen participation.

4 "Uttar Pradesh is emerging as a growing hub in the IT and electronics sector, competing with the country's leading IT centers." In this context, discuss the major steps taken by the state government, the challenges present in this sector, and their potential solutions.

5 Evaluate the impact of modern development projects like metro, smart cities, and expressways on the historical and cultural heritage of Uttar Pradesh. Also, suggest potential measures for their balanced preservation.

Paper VI

1 Analyze the current status of protected areas (national parks and wildlife sanctuaries) in Uttar Pradesh and review the efforts made for biodiversity conservation.

2 The Uttar Pradesh Government's 'Mission Shakti' scheme reflects the government's commitment to promoting women's empowerment. Analyze the framework of this scheme and its potential socio-economic impacts.

3 Describe the production status and marketing system of horticultural crops in Uttar Pradesh. Also, highlight the key challenges associated with this sector and provide details of the major policy initiatives implemented by the state government for its development.

4 Analyze the development of transportation and its current infrastructural status in Uttar Pradesh, and evaluate its economic and social impacts.

5 How is the 'Har Ghar Nal Yojana' under the Jal Jeevan Mission helping to ensure safe and clean drinking water supply in rural areas of Uttar Pradesh? Analyze the social, economic, and health impacts of this scheme.

BPSC

Paper I

1 Describe the main features of cave architecture developed in ancient Eastern India and analyze its historical and religious significance.

2 Bihar has been a center of education and spirituality since ancient times. In this context, analyze the role of Nalanda, Vikramshila, and other ancient educational institutions and shed light on Bihar’s spiritual traditions.

3 Describe the major welfare schemes being run by the Bihar government for the economic, social, and educational upliftment of women. How have these schemes contributed to women empowerment in the state?

4 Describe the characteristics of the major folk arts of Bihar and analyze their cultural significance.

5 Analyze the current status of solar energy production in Bihar and describe the major efforts made by the state government to promote it.

Paper II

1 Analyze the social and economic status of Scheduled Castes (SC) and Scheduled Tribes (ST) in Bihar. Discuss the major steps taken by the government for their upliftment.

2 What are the major challenges in the development of tourism in Bihar? Also, discuss the potential areas for tourism development. Analyze the various tourist destinations of the state with examples.

3 How does coalition politics affect policy-making and development activities in Bihar? Analyze this in terms of fulfilling national interests.

4 What role can technology play in making governance effective and transparent in Bihar? Analyze its various aspects and discuss the potential impacts of technological innovations for better administration.

5 Analyze the major obstacles related to infrastructure, industrialization, and human resources in Bihar's economic development and suggest solutions for them.