CSC: First of all, Ethics is not a technical subject, it is designed to evaluate the ‘ethical competence ‘, but not the ‘knowledge about ethics’, so this subject requires very clear understanding of value aspect and then its application in real life and contextual problems. So, focus should be on general understanding and answer writing. Read one reference book and then try to summarize and make your own notes for values, concepts and then try to relate it to different life examples. For example, take ‘attitude’ - what is attitude, attributes of attitude, how to change attitude, etc. and then make simple points on all these and relate it to real life examples (like how you can change a bureaucrat's attitude or societal attitude, etc.). UPSC expects application of ethical knowledge in real life and this is what you need to do.

Questions in Ethics can be very unpredictable. So, even if you get a completely new type of question, don’t get shocked. Remember that it is a new type of question to every other aspirant writing with you. Just stay calm, think and write.