Vulnerability mapping is a critical tool for disaster risk reduction. Explain its components and methodologies. How can it be integrated with other spatial planning tools for effective disaster management?

Answer:- Vulnerability mapping is the process of identifying, analyzing, and visualizing the geographical areas and populations that are most susceptible to hazards or disasters. The goal of vulnerability mapping is to provide a clear understanding of where and why certain areas or groups are at greater risk, enabling better-targeted interventions, resource allocation, and disaster preparedness measures.

Components and Methodologies of Vulnerability Mapping

• Hazard Assessment: This involves identifying and analyzing potential hazards that could affect an area, such as earthquakes, floods, or cyclones.
• Exposure Analysis: Exposure analysis assesses the physical, social, and economic assets at risk.
• Sensitivity Assessment: Sensitivity refers to ....