Right to Privacy and Data Protection: Article 21 in the Digital Age

In an increasingly data-driven world, the right to privacy has become a paramount concern. India, with its rapidly expanding digital economy and approx. 900 million internet users, faces unique challenges in safeguarding personal data.

The average cost of a data breach in India has surged to ₹220 million in 2025, according to an IBM report, highlighting the urgency of robust data protection frameworks. This rise in cyber-attacks and data misuse, often driven by unregulated use of AI, underscores the need for a comprehensive legal and constitutional approach to privacy.

Recent Developments

  • The Digital Personal Data Protection (DPDP) Act, 2023, represents a ....
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