AI Index 2025
Public vs. Industry in Frontier AI Development
- Industry Dominance
- Nearly 90% of notable AI models originated from industry in 2024 (up from 60% in 2023)
- Only 1 model came from industry–government collaboration in 2024; 55 models from industry alone
- Public Investment in AI (2023)
- U.S.: $831 million (highest)
- U.K.: $49.55 million
- Germany: $10.48 million
- Sweden: $830.98 million
- Compute & Scaling Trends
- Training compute for notable AI models doubling every 5 months
- Dataset sizes for training LLMs doubling every 8 months
- Power required for training doubling annually
Performance Gains & Evaluation Challenges
- Narrowing Leaderboard Gaps
- Top vs. 10th-ranked model gap shrank from 11.9% → 5.4% (2023–2024)
- Open vs. Closed Models
- Performance gap narrowed to ....
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