Fresh Cases of Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM)

In August 2025, three cases of the rare brain infection Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM) were reported in Kerala’s Kozhikode district, leading to the death of a nine-year-old and infecting a three-month-old baby.

What is Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM)?

  • A rare brain infection caused by Naegleria fowleri, a free-living amoeba found in warm freshwater and soil.
  • The organism thrives in higher temperatures, up to 46°C, and can survive short periods in extreme environments.
  • Contamination risk exists in poorly maintained swimming pools, rivers, lakes, splash pads, and other warm freshwater sources.

Why is this significant?

  • PAM carries a global fatality rate of 97%.
  • India’s first ....
Do You Want to Read More?
Subscribe Now
To get access to detailed content

Already a Member? Login here

Take Annual Subscription and get the following Advantage
The annual members of the Civil Services Chronicle can read the monthly content of the magazine as well as the Chronicle magazine archives.
Readers can study all the material since 2018 of the Civil Services Chronicle monthly issue in the form of Chronicle magazine archives.
Be an Annual Subscriber

Science & Technology