Tribal Uprisings and Their Socio-Political Context

Tribal Uprisings across colonial India were recurrent, often violent, revolts against the systematic encroachment on their traditional forest and land rights, cultural autonomy, and the imposition of external laws and revenue systems. These movements were primarily driven by a deep spiritual connection to their land and sought to restore a pre-colonial socio-political order, distinct from the nationalist movement's goal of political independence.

Evolution and Character of the Movements

Early Resistance (Pre-1857)

  • Kols Uprising (1831, Chota Nagpur, Bihar/Jharkhand): Against the influx of Dikus (outsiders: Hindu moneylenders and new Zamindars) who alienated their land and imposed extortionate taxes and forced labour.
  • Mass, ....
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