Fall of Bashar al-Assad

On December 8, 2024, Syrian President Bashar al-Assad was overthrown by the Islamist rebel group Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS), ending the Assad family’s 50-year rule.

  • Assad fled to Russia, marking a major geopolitical shift in the Middle East and concluding a brutal 13-year civil war.

Background of the Civil War

  • Began in March 2011, inspired by the Arab Spring.
  • Initially peaceful, protests turned violent after state repression.
  • Sectarian tensions, economic hardship, and authoritarian rule fueled unrest.
  • Became a proxy war with support for Assad from Russia, Iran, Hezbollah, and backing for rebels from Turkey, U.S., Gulf nations.
  • ISIS and other extremists took advantage of the ....
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