Sub-classification of Scheduled Castes (SCs)

In August 2024, Supreme Court’s 7-judge bench upheld sub-classification within SCs as constitutionally valid.

• The judgment was delivered in State of Punjab & Others vs. Davinder Singh & Others case.
• The SC overruled E.V. Chinnaiah vs. State of Andhra Pradesh (2005) verdict which barred sub-categorization.
• Sub-classification aims to ensure substantive equality of opportunity (Article 15(4), 16(4)).
• The Court ruled sub-classification does not violate Article 341(2).
• State must collect adequate data on backwardness and representation for sub-classification.
• Reservation of 100% seats for one subgroup prohibited.
• Decision is subject to judicial review.
• Four judges recommended extending Creamy Layer Principle to SCs/STs (non-binding).