Research in Science & Tech in India

India’s R&D Growth

  • Gross Expenditure on R&D (GERD) more than doubled in the last decade
    • 2013–14: Rs. 60,196 crore
    • 2023–24: Rs. 1,27,381 crore

Ph.D & Higher Education Enrolment

  • Ph.D enrolment increased by 81.2% from 1.17 lakh (2015-16) to 2.13 lakh (2021-22).
  • Female Ph.D enrolment more than doubled from 0.48 lakh (2014-15) to 0.99 lakh (2021-22).
  • Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) in higher education (age 18–23):
    • Overall: 28.4 (2021-22) vs 23.7 (2014-15)
    • Female: 28.5 (2021-22) vs 22.9 (2014-15)

STEM Enrolment

  • STEM student enrolment at UG, PG, M.Phil., Ph.D levels: 98,49,488 students (~25.6% of total).

Research Capacity & Publications

  • India ranked 3rd globally in Science & Engineering research ....
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