Toxic Algal Bloom: A Global Threat to Ecosystems

Since March 2025, a large-scale toxic algal bloom off South Australia’s coast has led to the death of over 200 marine species, including sharks, rays, and octopuses, marking a severe ecological crisis.

What is an algal bloom?

  • An algal bloom is a rapid increase or accumulation of algae in water systems, often visible as green, red, or brown layers on the water’s surface.
  • While not all algal blooms are harmful, toxic algal blooms can severely impact aquatic ecosystems and marine life.

Causes of Algal Bloom

  • Nutrient Pollution: High levels of nitrogen and phosphorus from agricultural runoff, sewage, and industrial discharge ....
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