Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)

CBD was adopted in 1992 at the Rio Earth Summit and came into force in 1993.

  • It has three main objectives:
    • Conservation of biodiversity
    • Sustainable use of biological resources
    • Fair and equitable sharing of benefits
  • It operates through Conference of Parties (COP) meetings and frameworks like the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (2022).
  • COP16 (2024) is focused on implementing global biodiversity targets, including protecting 30% of land and oceans by 2030 (“30x30 target”).
  • Issues include biodiversity finance, technology transfer, and monitoring ....
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