World Health Organization (WHO)

WHO was established in 1948 as a specialised agency of the United Nations for global public health.

  • It is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, and has 194 member states.
  • Its objective is to attain the highest possible level of health for all people.
  • It plays a central role in disease surveillance, pandemic response, vaccination programmes, and global health standards (IHR, 2005).
  • WHO members are negotiating a Pandemic Treaty (Pandemic Accord) to strengthen global preparedness, data sharing, and equitable vaccine access.
  • Key issues include sovereignty concerns, technology transfer, and funding commitments, reflecting North–South divide. ....
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