India–Russia Relations

Defence Cooperation in the Era of Western Sanctions

Russia remains India’s largest legacy defence supplier, accounting for about ~60% of India’s military inventory (Stockholm International Peace Research Institute estimates).

  • Key ongoing projects include the S-400 Triumf air defence system (contract signed in 2018), BrahMos missile joint venture, and leasing of nuclear-powered submarines (INS Chakra series).
  • The Russia Ukraine War and subsequent Western sanctions have disrupted supply chains, spare parts availability, and maintenance cycles for Russian-origin platforms.
  • India has faced payment challenges due to SWIFT restrictions, leading to attempts at rupee–rouble trade mechanisms and alternative payment channels.
  • Delays have been reported ....
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