The Group of Four (G4) and the "Coffee Club”

The Group of Four (G4) and the "Coffee Club" represent two opposing groups regarding the reform of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC).

G4’s Case for Permanent Seats

  • Comprising India, Brazil, Germany and Japan, the G4 advocates for permanent UNSC seats.
  • They argue the 1945 power structure is outdated and ignores contemporary geopolitical realities.
  • The group highlights their significant contributions to UN peacekeeping and global financial stability.
  • India, specifically, emphasises its status as the world’s largest democracy and a Global South leader.
  • They propose expanding permanent membership to enhance the Council’s legitimacy and executive effectiveness.

Coffee Club (Uniting for Consensus) Opposition

  • Led by Italy, ....
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