[1]. With reference to Direct-to-Device (D2D) satellite communication, recently in the news, consider the following statements:

1. D2D technology enables standard mobile phones to connect directly to satellites without special hardware.
2. It eliminates the need for intermediate ground infrastructure like cell towers in certain scenarios.
3. D2D communication requires only dedicated satellite phones and cannot work with regular smartphones.

Which of the above given statements is/are correct?

[A]. 1 and 2 only

[B]. 2 and 3 only

[C]. 1 and 3 only

[D]. 1, 2 and 3

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[2]. Recently, a 1,500-year-old stepped reservoir was unearthed on Elephanta Island by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI). Elephanta Island is primarily known for which of the following?

[A]. Buddhist monasteries

[B]. Rock-cut cave temples dedicated to Lord Shiva

[C]. Mughal-era forts

[D]. Ancient Jain temples

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[3]. Recently, the National Quantum Mission (NQM) was in the news for achieving a major milestone in quantum communication. The National Quantum Mission was launched in which of the following years?

[A]. 2020

[B]. 2021

[C]. 2023

[D]. 2025

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[4]. Recently, the Indian Army contingent departed to participate in Exercise ‘Cyclone-IV’. Exercise Cyclone is a joint military exercise conducted between India and which of the following countries?

[A]. Egypt

[B]. France

[C]. Israel

[D]. United States

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[5]. Recently, India withdrew its bid to host the COP33 climate summit. The Conference of Parties (COP) is held under which of the following international frameworks?

[A]. United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD)

[B]. Paris Agreement

[C]. Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)

[D]. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)

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