Current Affairs Questions

Explanation :

Context: The share of cess and surcharge in the gross tax revenue (GTR) of the Centre has almost doubled to 19.9% in 2020-21 from 10.4% in 2011-12.The 15^thFinance Commission has recommended a higher grant-in-aid and lower tax devolution to the States.

About Cess

• It is a form of tax levied or collected by the government for the development or welfare of a particular service or sector.
• It is charged over and above direct and indirect taxes.
• Cess collected for a particular purpose cannot be used for or diverted to other purposes.
• It is not a permanent source of revenue for the government, and it is discontinued when the purpose levying it is fulfilled.
• Currently, the cess and surcharge collected by the Centre are not part of the tax devolution.
• Examples: Education Cess, Swachh Bharat Cess, Krishi Kalyan Cess etc.

About Surcharge

• Surcharge is an additional charge or tax levied on an existing tax.
• Unlike a cess, which is meant to raise revenue for a temporary need, surcharge is usually permanent in nature.
• It is levied as a percentage on the income tax payable as per normal rates. In case no tax is due for a financial year, then no surcharge is levied.
• The revenue earned via surcharge is solely retained by the Centre and, unlike other tax revenues, is not shared with States.
• Collections from surcharge flow into the Consolidated Fund of India.

Explanation :

Context: Recently, the NITI Aayog has proposed to revise the National Food Security Act 2013.

The National Food Security Act (NFSA) was introduced by the Government of India in 2013.

Objective

• To provide for food and nutritional security in human life cycle approach, by ensuring access to adequate quantity of quality food at affordable prices to people to live a life with dignity.

Salient Features

• It provides for coverage of upto 75% of the rural population and upto 50% of the urban population for receiving subsidized foodgrains under Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS), thus covering about two-thirds of the population.
• The eligible persons will be entitled to receive 5 Kgs of foodgrains per person per month at subsidised prices of Rs. 3/2/1 per Kg for rice/wheat/coarse grains.
• The existing Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY) households, which constitute the poorest of the poor, will continue to receive 35 Kgs of foodgrains per household per month.
• The Act also has a special focus on the nutritional support to women and children. Besides meal to pregnant women and lactating mothers during pregnancy and six months after the child birth, such women will also be entitled to receive maternity benefit of not less than Rs. 6,000.
• Children upto 14 years of age will be entitled to nutritious meals as per the prescribed nutritional standards.
• In case of non-supply of entitled foodgrains or meals, the beneficiaries will receive food security allowance.
• The Act also contains provisions for setting up of grievance redressal mechanism at the District and State levels.

Responsibilities under NFSA

• NFSA defines the joint responsibility of the Centre and State/UT Government.
• The Centre is responsible for allocation of required foodgrains to States/UTs, transportation of foodgrains up to designated depots in each State/UT and providing central assistance to States/UTs for delivery of foodgrains from designated FCI godowns to the doorstep of the FPSs.
• The States/UTs are responsible for effective implementation of the Act, which inter-alia includes identification of eligible households, issuing ration cards to them, distribution of foodgrain entitlements to eligible households through fair price shops (FPS), issuance of licenses to Fair Price Shop dealers and their monitoring, setting up effective grievance redressal mechanism and necessary strengthening of Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS).

Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT)

• It provides for reforms in the TPDS including schemes such as Cash transfers for provisioning of food entitlements. In pursuance of enabling provisions under section 12 of NFSA for cash transfer, Govt. notified ‘Cash Transfer of Food Subsidy Rule, 2015’ in Aug 2015.

The DBT experiment aims to-

• reduce the need for huge physical movement of foodgrains
• provide greater autonomy to beneficiaries to choose their consumption basket
• enhance dietary diversity
• reduce leakages
• facilitate better targeting
• promote financial inclusion

Explanation :

• On 9th October, 2020, the Jal Shakti Ministry announced that Goa becomes the first ‘HarGharJal’ state by providing tap water connection to every rural household under JalJeevan Mission (JJM) ahead of its national dead-line.
• The state provided tap water connection to 2 lakh 30 thousand rural households in all the 191 Gram Panchayats of the state.
• The JalJeevan Mission of the Central Government aims to provide piped water to all the rural households by 2024.

Significance

• Goa’s achievement of providing 100 per cent tap water connection is an example for other states to ensure that rural household gets tap water connection, especially amid the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.

Explanation :

• Uttar Pradesh government has completed skill mapping of migrant workers who have returned from other states during lockdown and this mapping will help them getting work near to their places.
• The list includes construction workers, painters, carpenters, drivers, electricians and persons associated with electronics, security guards, furniture and fitting workers and auto-repair mechanics.
• The government has constituted Migrant Commission which will ensure employment as well as social security for the migrant workers.
• It has also decided to offer insurance to secure the lives of migrant labourers and called for a scheme to ensure job security for them in the state.

Explanation :

Explanation :

• The Project Monitoring Group (PMG) is an institutional mechanism for the expedited resolution of issues and regulatory bottlenecks in projects with investments upward Rs. 500 Crores in India.
• It aims to facilitate issue resolution in projects that are facing delays or awaiting regulatory clearances with State and/or Central Ministries.
• It was set up as a special cell in the Cabinet Secretariat, Government of India in 2013 and was subsequently brought under the administrative control of the Prime Minister’s Office (PMO) in 2015.
• In February 2019, PMG was merged with Invest India, Department of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT), Ministry of Commerce.
• PMG seeks to enlist unresolved project issues of all Public, Private and ‘Public–Private Partnership’ (PPP) Projects and undertakes fast-tracking of approvals, sectoral policy issues and removal of bottlenecks in expeditious commissioning.

Explanation :

• Launched in 2016, SPMRM follows the vision of - Development of a cluster of villages that preserve and nurture the essence of rural community life with focus on equity and inclusiveness without compromising with the facilities perceived to be essentially urban in nature, thus creating a cluster of "Rurban Villages".
• The objective is to stimulate local economic development, enhance basic services, and create well planned Rurban clusters.
• Substantial part of the works identified for development in the clusters is focused on provision of basic and economic amenities.
• Provision of basic amenities in a cluster typically comprise; provision of 24/7 Water Supply to all households, Solid and Liquid Waste Management facilities at the household and cluster level, provision of Inter and Intra village roads within the cluster, adequate Street Lights and Public Transport facilities using green technologies.
• Provision of Economic Amenities in a cluster comprise various thematic areas in the sectors of Agri Services and Processing, Tourism, and Skill Development to promote Small and Medium Scale Enterprises.

Explanation :

• Launched in August, 2019, Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM), a central government initiative under the Ministry of Jal Shakti, aims to ensure access of piped water for every household in India.
• It subsumed the ongoing National Rural Drinking Water Programme (NRDWP) into Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM) to provide Functional Household Tap Connection (FHTC) to every rural household i.e., Har Ghar Nal Se Jal (HGNSJ) by 2024.
• The goal of JJM is to provide functional household tap connection to every household with service level at the rate of 55 litres per capita per day (lpcd).
• The fund sharing pattern between Centre and State is 90:10 for Himalayan (Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh) and North-Eastern States, 100:0 for UTs and 50:50 for rest of the States.
• JJM will focus on integrated demand and supply side management of water at the local level, including creation of local infrastructure for source sustainability like rainwater harvesting, groundwater recharge and management of household wastewater for reuse would be undertaken in convergence with other Government programmes/ schemes.

Impact

• It will significantly improve quality of life, particularly of women and children and assist in ODF-sustainability as water is important to sustain Swachh Bharat Mission’s gains.
• Further there will be procurement of various materials for water supply systems. This will generate employment and boost the economy.

Explanation :

• On 14^th January, 2020, the Punjab Cabinet gave its approval to a Punjab Right to Business Bill, 2020, a law aimed at ensuring ease of doing business for the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) sector.
• Notably, Punjab is home to approximately two lakh MSME units, which are one of the most important pillars of the industrial growth.
• The Act would encompass various regulatory services, including sanction of building plans, issuance of completion/occupation certificate for buildings, registration of new trade license under the Punjab Municipal Act, 1911 and the Punjab Municipal Corporation Act 1976.

Advantages

• The MSMEs in the state will get a big relief from the tedious process of getting regulatory approvals before setting up of the units.

Explanation :

• On 17^th December, 2019, the government launched the National Broadband Mission(NBM) which aims to fast track growth of digital communications infrastructure, bridge the digital divide and provide affordable and universal access of broadband for all.
• The Mission is part of the National Digital Communications Policy, 2018.

Objective

• To provide broadband access to all villages by 2022.

Key Points of NBM

• The ambitious project will involve laying down around 30 Lakhs kilometre route Optical Fiber Cable, increase tower density from 0.42 to 1.0 tower per thousand of population by 2024 and significantly improve quality of services for mobile and internet.
• The mission envisages Rs 7 lakh crore investments in next 4 years.
• Developing a Broadband Readiness Index (BRI) to measure the availability of digital communications infrastructure and conducive policy ecosystem within a State/UT.
• Creation of a Digital Fiber Map of the Digital Communications network and infrastructure, including Optical Fiber Cables and Towers, across the country.

Impact

• It will help government to fast-track digital connectivity and bridge the digital divide as well as facilitate digital empowerment and inclusion.
• The mission by providing internet connectivity to 1 lakh villages, will push the economy to 5 trillion dollar milestone.