Saudi Arabia-Türkiye-Pakistan Trilateral Defence Pact

On 7th August 2026, Saudi Arabia, Türkiye and Pakistan signed the Makkah Joint Defence Agreement in Mecca, establishing a trilateral defence framework under which an armed attack against any one of the three countries will be regarded as an attack against all three.

Key Points

Strategic Significance: The pact brings together Saudi Arabia’s financial and energy strength, Türkiye’s defence-industrial capabilities and Pakistan’s military and nuclear-deterrence capabilities.
Regional Security: The agreement reflects growing efforts by regional powers to develop their own security arrangements amid geopolitical tensions and concerns over the reliability of external security guarantees.
Saudi Arabia–Pakistan: The two countries have maintained long-standing defence cooperation, including military training, technical assistance and security cooperation.
They had also signed a bilateral Strategic Mutual Defence Agreement in September 2025.
Türkiye–Pakistan: Türkiye and Pakistan share close defence ties covering naval platforms, military training, aircraft and other defence technologies.
Türkiye–Saudi Arabia: Relations between Ankara and Riyadh have improved significantly since 2022, with both countries expanding cooperation in investment, trade and defence.
Saudi Arabia has also purchased Turkish defence equipment, including drones.