Cabinet Approves Caste-Based Census in Upcoming Census

On 30th April, 2025, the Union Cabinet, led by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, approved the inclusion of caste enumeration in India’s next Census — the first such count since 1931.

Key Points

Historic Decision: This will mark the first caste-based enumeration in nearly a century, moving beyond just SC/ST data traditionally collected since Independence.
Digital Census Rollout: The Census will be conducted digitally, with a mobile app likely featuring a drop-down caste directory to ensure standardised responses.
Pre-Test & Training: A Pre-Census test will be conducted to fine-tune the digital tool, and around 30 lakh officials will be trained for the enumeration.
Correcting Past Gaps: Unlike the 2011 SECC survey, which was open-ended and generated over 46 lakh caste names, the upcoming count will use an official code directory, merging Central and State OBC lists.
Political Context: The move comes ahead of major elections and amid debates on social justice. Union Ministers claim the move will empower backward communities and correct historical policy gaps.
Delimitation & Women’s Quota: Findings from this Census will inform the next Lok Sabha delimitation exercise and enable implementation of the 33% women’s reservation in Parliament and State Assemblies.
Pending Timeline: Although the 2021 Census was delayed due to COVID-19, no new schedule has been announced yet for the upcoming exercise.