El Nino

Explanation :

EI-Nino is merely an extension of the warm equatorial current which gets replaced temporarily by cold Peruvian Current or Humboldt Current. This current increases the temperature of water on the Peruvian coast by 10°C. Hence, statement 1 is correct.

The process of upwelling along the coast of South America in eastern pacific takes place during a normal year and not during an El-Nino. Statement 2 is therefore incorrect. Upwelling occurs where water from the deeper parts of the ocean is allowed to travel upwards to the surface. In Upwelling deep ocean water is generally very cold and nutrient rich. Therefore, in areas of upwelling we often find very productive waters.

This nutrient rich water transport into the surface waters where sunlight, also required for phytoplankton growth (photic zone), is present, results in rapid growth of phytoplankton populations.

Since phytoplankton form the base of marine food webs, the world’s most productive fisheries are located in areas of coastal upwelling that bring cold nutrient rich waters to the surface.