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Equatorial Indian Ocean Oscillation

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Equatorial Indian Ocean Oscillation

Recently, the Indian Institute of Sciences (IISc), Bengluru and National Centre for Ocean Information Services, Hyderabad jointly released a study paper about Equatorial Indian Ocean Oscillation (EQUINOO) and its effects over Indian Summer Monsoon. Consider the following statements regarding the EQUINOO.

EQUINOO is as an oscillation or a seesaw between enhanced cloud formation and rainfall over the western equatorial Indian Ocean (WEIO) and suppressed clouding over the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean (EEIO) in west of Sumatra.
A positive EQUINOO phase is when the surface sea temperature in WEIO is above 27.5 degree Celsius leading to enhanced clouding, which is then suppressed in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean.

Choose the correct answer from the codes given below:

	A	Only 1

	B	Only 2

	C	Both 1 and 2

	D	Neither 1 nor 2

Your Ans is

Right ans is C

Your Answer Is Correct

Your Answer Is Wrong

Explanation :

EQUINOO is an oscillation between enhanced cloud formation and rainfall over the Western Equatorial Indian Ocean (WEIO) and suppressed clouding over the Eastern Equatorial Indian Ocean (EEIO), west of Sumatra.
When the surface sea temperature in WEIO is above 27.5 degree Celsius, it is called as a positive EQUINOO phase. This leads to enhanced clouding, which is then suppressed in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean.
This increased cloud formation throughout this monsoon season is the main reason for the above-average rainfall in India.

Source: Civil Services Chronicle Online

Related Question

Solar Eclipse

Consider the following statements with reference to the Solar Eclipse:

In a total solar eclipse, the narrowest part of the path (where the Sun is completely blocked and the Moon casts its darkest shadow (called the umbra)) is called the “zone of totality”.
An annular solar eclipse occurs occurs when Earth moves through the lunar penumbra (the lighter part of the Moon’s shadow) as the Moon moves between Earth and the Sun.

Choose the correct answer from the codes given below:

	A	Only 1

	B	Both 1 and 2

	C	Only 2

	D	Neither 1 nor 2

Your Ans is

Right ans is A

Your Answer Is Correct

Your Answer Is Wrong

Explanation :

Total Solar Eclipse

It occurs when the Moon completely blocks the solar disk.
In a total solar eclipse, the narrowest part of the path (where the Sun is completely blocked and the Moon casts its darkest shadow (called the umbra)) is called the “zone of totality”.
A phenomenon called “Bailey’s Beads” often appears as sunlight shines out through valleys on the lunar surface.

Annular Solar Eclipse

An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is smaller than the Sun's, blocking most of the Sun's light and causing the Sun to look like an annulus (ring).

Partial Solar Eclipse

It occurs when Earth moves through the lunar penumbra (the lighter part of the Moon’s shadow) as the Moon moves between Earth and the Sun.
The Moon does not block the entire solar disk, as seen from Earth.
Depending on location during a partial eclipse, one might see anything from a small sliver of the Sun being blotted out to a nearly total eclipse.

The Bay Of Bengal Boundary Layer Experiment

Consider the following statements:

The Bay of Bengal Boundary Layer Experiment or BoBBLE in short is a project funded by Union Ministry of Earth Sciences and the Natural Environment Research Council of United Kingdom.
BoBBLE proposes an observational campaign for the southern Bay, during the established monsoon (mid-June to mid-July).

Choose the correct answer from the codes given below:

	A	Only 1

	B	Both 1 and 2

	C	Only 2

	D	Neither 1 nor 2

Your Ans is

Right ans is B

Your Answer Is Correct

Your Answer Is Wrong

Explanation :

The Bay of Bengal (BoB) plays a fundamental role in controlling the weather systems that make up the South Asian summer monsoon system.
In particular, the southern BoB has cooler sea surface temperature (SST) that influence ocean-atmosphere interaction and impact on the monsoon.
Compared to the southeast, the southwestern BoB is cooler, more saline, receives much less rain, and is influenced by the Summer Monsoon Current (SMC).
To examine the impact of these features on the monsoon, the BoB Boundary Layer Experiment (BoBBLE) was jointly undertaken by India and the UK during June July 2016.
It seeks to examine the impact of ocean processes in the BoB on the monsoon system.

The study would improve the understanding of the role of thermodynamic surface and mixed layer processes in the monsoon as well as the role of large-scale ocean structure, ocean dynamics and ocean biogeochemistry in the monsoon.

Tropical Storm

Recently, a Category 4 tropical cyclone Kyarr formed over the Arabian Sea, becoming the strongest storm recorded in the area for 12 years. Consider the following statements about the tropical storm:

A tropical cyclone is a storm system characterized by a large low-pressure center, a closed low-level circulation and a spiral arrangement of numerous thunderstorms that produce strong winds and heavy rainfall.
A mature tropical cyclone is characterised by the strong spirally circulating wind around the centre which is called the eye.

Choose the correct answer from the codes given below:

	A	Only 1

	B	Only 2

	C	Both 1 and 2

	D	Neither 1 nor 2

Your Ans is

Right ans is C

Your Answer Is Correct

Your Answer Is Wrong

Explanation :

A tropical cyclone is a storm system characterized by a large low-pressure center, a closed low-level circulation and a spiral arrangement of numerous thunderstorms that produce strong winds and heavy rainfall.
Most tropical cyclones originate in the doldrums near the Equator, approximately 10 degrees away.
The weakest tropical cyclones are called tropical depressions. If a depression intensifies such that it’s maximum sustained winds reach 39 miles per hour, the tropical cyclone becomes a tropical storm.
Once a tropical cyclone reaches maximum sustained winds of 74 miles per hour or higher, it is then classified as a hurricane, typhoon, or tropical cyclone, depending upon where the storm originates in the world.

Eye of Cyclone

A mature tropical cyclone is characterised by the strong spirally circulating wind around the centre which is called the eye. It is an area with calm weather descending air.

Conditions for formation of Tropical Cyclone-

Large sea surface with a temperature higher than 27° C
Presence of the Coriolis force
Small differences in the vertical wind speed
A pre-existing weak- low-pressure area or low-level-cyclonic circulation
Upper divergence above the sea level system.

Cyclone names in different regions-

Cyclones in the Indian Ocean
Willy-willies in Western Australia
Hurricanes b Atlantic
Typhoons in the Western Pacific and the South China Sea

Cyclones

Consider the following statements with respect to Cyclones:

A cyclone is an area of low pressure around which the winds flow counterclockwise in the northern hemisphere.
It halts the onwards progression of Monsoon.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

	A	1 only

	B	2 only

	C	Both 1 and 2

	D	Neither 1 nor 2

Your Ans is

Right ans is C

Your Answer Is Correct

Your Answer Is Wrong

Explanation :

A cyclone is an area of low pressure around which the winds flows counter clockwise in the northern hemisphere. Since a cyclone is also known as a low pressure center, moving in any horizontal direction away from the “Low” will result in increasing pressure. Air converges into a low pressure center which causes air to rise. The cyclone is expected to interfere with normal progression, by sucking all the moisture from the monsoon winds towards itself.

Strawberry Moon

Which of the following conditions prevail, when Strawberry Moon is formed?

The Full Moon appears ‘opposite’ the Sun.
The Moon appears smaller than it is and will be visible through a shorter arc.
The Moon cast a longer shadow on the Earth

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

	A	1 and 2

	B	Only 1

	C	1, 2 and 3

	D	2 and 3

Your Ans is

Right ans is A

Your Answer Is Correct

Your Answer Is Wrong

Explanation :

The Full Moon appeared ‘opposite’ the Sun. On this day, the moon will appear smaller than it is and will be visible through a shorter arc. As this happens, the Moon casts a smaller shadow on the Earth, and causes light to have longer wavelengths to reflect off the surface.

Clouds

Consider the following statements with respect to the clouds:

High level clouds primarily are composed of ice crystals, and often appear thin, streaky, and white.
The two main types of mid-level clouds include stratus, which develop horizontally, and cumulus, which develop vertically.
Altostratus and altocumulus are low level clouds.

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

	A	Only 1

	B	1, 2 and 3

	C	2 and 3

	D	2 only

Your Ans is

Right ans is A

Your Answer Is Correct

Your Answer Is Wrong

Explanation :

The two main types of mid-level clouds are altostratus and altocumulus. Low-level clouds are not given a prefix, although their names are derived from “strato-” or “cumulo-”, depending on their characteristics. The two main types of low clouds include stratus, which develop horizontally, and cumulus, which develop vertically.

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