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Galo Tribe

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Galo Tribe

Members of the Galo community in Arunachal Pradesh can recall the name of their ancestor from 20 generations ago i.e. right up to the founder of their clan. Now they have developed a Genealogical website for record-keeping, with some names hyperlinked. Consider the following statements about the community:

The Galos belong to the Tani group inhabiting Assam and Arunachal Pradesh, besides Tibet.
Galo community has been recognized as a Scheduled Tribe in the Amendment to the Constitution (ST), Order, 1950, Part-XVIII.
Popir is the main festival in Galos which is celebrated for the prosperity of the villages.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct? Choose the correct answer from the codes given below:

	A	1 and 2

	B	2 and 3

	C	1 and 3

	D	1, 2 and 3

Your Ans is

Right ans is A

Your Answer Is Correct

Your Answer Is Wrong

Explanation :

The Galos belong to the Tani group inhabiting Assam and Arunachal Pradesh, besides Tibet.They trace their common origin to a primeval ancestor, Abotani.
They have a big population in East Siang, Upper Subansiri and Namsai districts
They are one of the 26 major communities of Arunachal Pradesh.They are listed as Scheduled tribe since 1950.
Mopin is the main festival in Galos which is celebrated in the month of April for the prosperity and wealth of the villages. Popir is a folk dance performed by this tribe.
The Galos maintain genealogy through given names.They have a system of prefixing the second syllable of a father’s name to that of a son who passes on the suffix in his name to his son.
Hence, they can trace the names of ancestors from the first syllable or prefix of our names.

Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups on Andaman Islands

Great Andamanese Tribe

These are a part of the Negrito tribes that inhabit isolated parts of Southeast Asia and the Andaman Islands.
The tribe speaks Jeru dialect among themselves.

Jarwas

Jarawa tribe is native to the South Andaman Nicobar Island.
They are the tribes of African origin living in Andaman who settled 50 years back.

Shompens

They are the only tribe in the region with Mongoloid features.
The other PVTGs have Negroid features.

Onges

The Little Andaman Island is home to Onges tribes, who are fewer than 100.

North Sentinelese

North Sentinel Island is part of North Andaman region home to the Sentinelese tribe.

Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs)

PVTG s are centrally recognized special category from among the Scheduled Tribes and were constituted during the 4th Five-Year Plan on the basis of the report of the Dhebar Commission (1960-61).
There are 75 centrally recognized PVTGs in the country.
Odisha houses for 13 PVTGs which is the highest among all the states.

Rabari, Bharvad And Charan Communities

Recently, which of the following state decided to form a five-member commission to identify members of Rabari, Bharvad and Charan communities, who are eligible for benefits of Schedule Tribe (ST) status?

	A	Rajasthan

	B	Gujarat

	C	Himachal Pradesh

	D	Maharashtra

Your Ans is

Right ans is B

Your Answer Is Correct

Your Answer Is Wrong

Explanation :

The Gujarat government has decided to form a five-member commission to identify members of Rabari, Bharvad and Charan communities, who are eligible for benefits of Schedule Tribe (ST) status.
In October 1956, the central government conferred ST status on people of Rabari, Bharvad and Charan communities, living in nesses (tiny, oval-shaped hutments made of mud) of Gir, Barda and Alech areas of Gujarat.

Rabari

They migrated from Rajasthan via Kutch and now most of them live in the Okhamandal region of Jamnagar district.
They speak ‘Bhopa’ which is a mixture of Gujarati, Kachchi, Marwari words and Pharasi (Persian) and use Gujarati script.
Their folk songs are called ‘Siya’.

Bharvad

The Bharwads are pastorals who are permitted to graze their sheep and cattle in certain demarcated areas of the reserved forest.
They communicate in Gujarati and use Gujarati script.

Charan

The Charan, also called Gadhvi, is a small tribe in Gujarat and the name Charan is derived from the word ‘Char’ which means grazing.
They speak Gujarati and use Gujarati script.
These are traditionally cattle breeders. They have also adopted agriculture as their secondary occupation.

Katkari Tribe

Consider the following statements with reference to the Katkari Tribe:

The name Katkari is derived from a forest-based activity – the making and sale of catechu (katha) from the khair tree (Acacia catechu).
It is one of the 75 Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs).
The British administration had classified them under the Criminal Tribes Act, 1871.

Choose the correct answer from the codes given below:

	A	Only 1

	B	2 and 3

	C	1 and 3

	D	1, 2 and 3

Your Ans is

Right ans is D

Your Answer Is Correct

Your Answer Is Wrong

Explanation :

The Katkari is a Scheduled Tribe mostly belonging to the state of Maharashtra, located primarily in Raigad and in parts of Palghar, Ratnagiri and Thane districts as well and in some places of Gujarat.
They are bilingual, speaking the Katkari language, a dialect of the Marathi-Konkani language.
The name Katkari is derived from a forest-based activity – the making and barter or sale of Katechu (kath) from the khair tree (Acacia Katechu).
In Maharashtra, the Katkari has been designated a Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group (PVTG), along with two other groups included in this sub-category: the Madia Gond and the Kolam.
The British administration had classified them under the Criminal Tribes Act, 1871.

Toda Tribe

In which of the following state, Toda tribe is found in India?

	A	Tamil Nadu

	B	Arunachal Pradesh

	C	Karnataka

	D	Manipur

Your Ans is

Right ans is A

Your Answer Is Correct

Your Answer Is Wrong

Explanation :

Toda people are a Dravidian ethnic group who live in the Nilgiri Mountains of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.
The Toda are most closely related to the Kota both ethnically and linguistically.
The Toda language is a member of the Dravidian family. Linguists have classified Toda (along with its neighbour Kota) as a member of the southern subgroup of the historical family proto-South-Dravidian.
Their sole occupation is cattle-herding and dairy-work. Holy dairies are built to store the buffalo milk.
They live in small hamlets called munds. The Toda huts, called dogles, are of an oval, pent-shaped construction.
Toda Embroidery: In the Toda language it is called pohor. Registrar of Geographical Indication gave GI status for this unique embroidery, a practice which has been passed on to generations.

Bru/Reang Community

Consider the following statements:

Bru or Reang is a community indigenous to Northeast India, living mostly in Tripura, Mizoram and Assam.
In Assam, they are recognised as a Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group.
Bru speak the Reang dialect of Kokborok language which is of Tibeto-Burmese origin and is locally referred to as Kau Bru.

Choose the correct answer from the codes given below:

	A	Only 1

	B	1 and 3

	C	2 and 3

	D	Only 3

Your Ans is

Right ans is B

Your Answer Is Correct

Your Answer Is Wrong

Explanation :

Bru or Reang is a community indigenous to Northeast India, living mostly in Tripura, Mizoram and Assam.
In Tripura, they are recognised as a Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group.
They are the second most populous tribe among the indigenous Tripuris after Tripuri (Debbarma).
They speak the Reang dialect of Kokborok language which is of Tibeto-Burmese origin and is locally referred to as Kau Bru.
These are primarily an agrarian tribe. In the past, they mostly practised the Huk or Jhum cultivation like most other Tripuri tribes.
Dance is an integral part of Reang life. The Hojagiri folk dance of Reang sub tribe is rather well known all over the world. 'Buisu', not 'bihu' is the most popular festival of reang tribes.

Asur Tribe

In which of the following Indian state, Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group (PVTG) Asur is found?

	A	Jharkhand

	B	West Bengal

	C	Chhattisgarh

	D	None of the above

Your Ans is

Right ans is A

Your Answer Is Correct

Your Answer Is Wrong

Explanation :

Asur people are a very small Austroasiatic ethnic group (PVTG) living primarily in the Indian state of Jharkhand, mostly in the Gumla, Lohardaga, Palamu and Latehar districts.
They are traditionally iron-smelters. They were once hunter gatherers, having also involved in shifting agriculture.
The Asur society is divided into 12 clans. These Asur clans are named after different animals, birds and food grains. Family is second prominent institution after the clan.
The Asurs speak a distinct language called Asuri but no portion of the Scripture is available.

Korku Tribe

In which of the following state, Korku tribe is found?

	A	Madhya Pradesh

	B	Bihar

	C	Chhattisgarh

	D	Jharkhand

Your Ans is

Right ans is A

Your Answer Is Correct

Your Answer Is Wrong

Explanation :

The Korku are an Adivasi ethnic group predominantly found in the Khandwa, Burhanpur, Betul and Chhindwara districts of Madhya Pradesh and adjoining areas near the Melghat Tiger Reserve of Maharashtra.
Korku people are initially believed to be a hunter-gatherer community who dwelt in the forests of the Satpura Range on both sides of the Tapti River.
The Korku language, which is often called the Kolarian language, belongs to the Munda Family of languages.

Bru Tribe

Consider the following statements with reference to the Bru tribe:

The Bru are the second most populous tribe of Tripura after the Tripuris.
They speak the Reang dialect of Bru language which is of Tibeto-Burmese origin, locally referred to as Kau Bru.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

	A	Only 1

	B	Both 1 and 2

	C	Only 2

	D	Neither 1 nor 2

Your Ans is

Right ans is B

Your Answer Is Correct

Your Answer Is Wrong

Explanation :

Bru also known as Reang is a tribal group living mostly in Tripura, Mizoram and Assam. In Tripura, they are recognised as a Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group.
They are the second most populous tribe in Tripura after the Tripuris. They are ethnically different from the Mizos, with their own distinct language and dialect and form one of the 21 scheduled tribes of Tripura.
They speak the Reang dialect of Bru language which is of Tibeto-Burmese origin and is locally referred to as Kau Bru.

Konda Reddi Tribe

With reference to the Konda Reddi Tribe, consider the following statements:

Konda Reddis inahbits on the banks situated on either side of river Godavari in the hilly and forest tracts of East and West Godavari River.
Konda Reddis have been recognized as Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups by the Ministry of Tribal Affairs.

Choose the correct answer from the codes given below:

	A	Only 1

	B	Only 2

	C	Both 1 and 2

	D	Neither 1 nor 2

Your Ans is

Right ans is C

Your Answer Is Correct

Your Answer Is Wrong

Explanation :

Konda Reddis are found on both the banks of the Godavari River (East and West Godavari districts), in the hilly-forest region of Khammam (Telangana) and Srikakulam (Andhra Pradesh).
This tribe has been recognized as Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group (PVTG) by the Ministry of Tribal Affairs.
Living in their natural habitat, the Konda Reddis have been eking out a livelihood by collecting minor forest products like honey, making a wide array of bamboo products such as baskets and cots besides cultivating jowar, bottle gourd and a few other traditional crops.
The tribe is known for their eco-friendly practices such as use of household articles made of bamboo, bottle gourd, and seeds.
They cultivate the crops in a distinct way called ‘Podu’. It is an ancient practice in hilly regions.

Criteria for identifying Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs):

Pre-agricultural level of technology
Low level of literacy
Economic backwardness
A declining or stagnant population

Saharia Tribe

Recently, the Saharia tribe miners in Madhya Pradesh have appealed to the government to treat them for silicosis rather than Tuberculosis.Consider the followindg statements regarding the Saharia tribe:

The tribe is classified as one of the 75 scheduled tribes in the country classified as Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups
The Sahariya community considers every adult member part of a governing council which is headed by a Patel.

Which of the following statements given above is/are correct? Choose the correct answrrs from the codes given below:

	A	Only 1

	B	Only 2

	C	Both 1and 2

	D	Neither 1 nor 2

Your Ans is

Right ans is C

Your Answer Is Correct

Your Answer Is Wrong

Explanation :

Also known as Sahar, Sehariya, or Sahariya, these are an ethnic group in the state of Madhya Pradesh, India.
They are mainly found in the districts of Morena, Sheopur, Bhind, Gwalior, Datia, Shivpuri, Vidisha and Gunadistricts of Madhya Pradesh and Baran district of Rajasthan.
They speak a Munda language that belongs to the Austro-Asiatic language family.
The Sahariya community considers every adult member part of a governing council which is headed by a Patel. A patel's appointment is based on heredity criteria but found to be unfit or unsuitable is basis for removal.
The tribe is classified asone of the 75 scheduled tribes in the country classified as Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups(earlier known as primitive tribal groups).

Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups(PVTGS)

They are the marginalized section of the Scheduled tribes of India. PVTG is not a Constitutional category, nor are these constitutionally recognized communities.
It is a government of India classification created with the purpose of enabling improvement in the conditions of certain communities with particularly low development
The criteria for identifying Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups are:
Pre-agricultural level of technology
Low level of literacy
Economic backwardness
A declining or stagnant population.

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