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Extra Neutral Alcohol

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Extra Neutral Alcohol

Recently, Indian alcohol manufacturers have approached NITI Aayog, seeking exemption of import duty on Extra Neutral Alcohol (ENA).Consider the following statements about the ENA:

Extra Neutral Alcohol is a byproduct of the sugar industry, and is formed from molasses that are a residue of sugarcane processing.
It is the primary raw material for making alcoholic beverages.

Choose the correct answer from the codes given below:

	A	Only 1

	B	Only 2

	C	Both 1 and 2

	D	Neither 1 nor 2

Your Ans is

Right ans is C

Your Answer Is Correct

Your Answer Is Wrong

Explanation :

Extra Neutral alcohol (ENA) is a colourless food-grade alcohol without any impurities.It has neutral smell and taste, and typically contains 96% alcohol by volume (ABV).
It is derived from different sources — sugarcane molasses and grains and is used in the production of alcoholic beverages such as whisky, vodka, gin, cane, liqueurs, and alcoholic fruit beverages.
In India, almost 90% of ENA is used for potable alcohol, which accounts for an annual production capacity of nearly 2.7 Billion Litres.

Applications

Essential ingredient in the manufacturing of several cosmetics and personal care products such as perfume, toiletries
In the production of paints and ink for the printing industry
In pharmaceutical products in products such as antiseptics, drug, syrups, medicated sprays, etc.

Related Question

Green-Ag Project

In which of the following north-eastern state, Green-Ag Project has been launched in order to reduce emissions from agriculture and ensure sustainable agricultural practices?

	A	Mizoram

	B	Nagaland

	C	Assam

	D	Meghalaya

Your Ans is

Right ans is A

Your Answer Is Correct

Your Answer Is Wrong

Explanation :

The Union government on July 28, 2020, launched the Green-Ag Project in Mizoram, to reduce emissions from agriculture and ensure sustainable agricultural practices.
Other states where the project will be implemented include Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha and Uttarakhand.

About the Project

It is funded by the Global Environment Facility, while the Department of Agriculture, Cooperation, and Farmers’ Welfare (DAC&FW) is the national executing agency.
Other key players involved in its implementation are Food and Agricultre Organization (FAO) and the Union Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC).
The project seeks to integrate biodiversity, climate change and sustainable land management objectives and practices into Indian agriculture.
The pilot project is supposed to end on March 31, 2026, in all states.

Targets to Achieve

Achieve multiple global environmental benefits in at least 1.8 million hectares (ha) of land in five landscapes, with mixed land use systems.
Bring at least 104,070 ha of farms under sustainable land and water management.
Ensure 49 million Carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2eq) sequestered or reduced through sustainable land use and agricultural practices.

Godhan Nyay Yojana

Recently, which of the following states launched GodhanNyayYojana?

	A	Uttar Pradesh

	B	Madhya Pradesh

	C	Rajasthan

	D	Chhattisgarh

Your Ans is

Right ans is D

Your Answer Is Correct

Your Answer Is Wrong

Explanation :

On 20th July, 2020, Chhattisgarh government launched GodhanNyayYojana.
The scheme aims to put money in the pockets of people living in rural areas and also solve the problem of stray cattle.

Details

Under the scheme, the Chhattisgarh government will purchase cow dung at the rate of Rs 2 per kg.
This scheme will turn cow dung into a profitable commodity.
The scheme also aims to make cow rearing economically profitable and to prevent open grazing in the state, as well as help with the problem of stray animals on roads and in urban areas.

Benefits

The scheme will generate additional income and increase employment opportunities.
The government will procure cow dung and prepare vermicompost in order to move towards organic farming.
Distribution of vermicompost fertilizer to farmers will be done as a commodity loan by cooperative societies, banks.

Direct Seeding Of Rice

As the labour shortage is imminent owing to exodus of migrant labourers amid the ongoing lockdown, farmers of an Indian state are turning towards the direct seeding of rice (DSR). What is the name of state mentioned above?

	A	Punjab

	B	West Bengal

	C	Chhattisgarh

	D	Haryana

Your Ans is

Right ans is A

Your Answer Is Correct

Your Answer Is Wrong

Explanation :

As the labour shortage is imminent owing to exodus of migrant labourers amid the ongoing lockdown, farmers in Punjab seem all set to go for direct seeding of rice (DSR).
DSR refers to the process of establishing a rice crop from seeds sown in the field rather than by transplanting seedlings from nursery.
In transplanting, farmers prepare nurseries where paddy seeds are first sown and raised into young plants.
These seedlings are then uprooted and replanted 25-35 days later in the main field with standing water.
In DSR, as flooding of fields is not done during sowing, chemical herbicides are used to kill weeds.

Advantages

Water savings
Less numbers of labourers required,
Saves labour cost and
Reduce methane emissions

Disadvantages

Seeds are exposed to birds, rats, and snails.
High weeds infestation
Non-availability of herbicides.
High requirement of seeds when compared to transplanting.

National Innovations On Climate Resilient Agriculture

Consider the following statements:

National Innovations on Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA) is a network project of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), which aims to enhance resilience of Indian agriculture to climate change and climate vulnerability through strategic research and technology demonstration.
The project consists of three components viz. Strategic Research, Technology Demonstration and Sponsored/Competitive Grants.

Choose the correct answer from the codes given below:

	A	Only 1

	B	Both 1 and 2

	C	Only 2

	D	Neither 1 nor 2

Your Ans is

Right ans is A

Your Answer Is Correct

Your Answer Is Wrong

Explanation :

Launched in 2011, National Innovations on Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA) is a network project of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR).
The project aims to enhance resilience of Indian agriculture to climate change and climate vulnerability through strategic research and technology demonstration.
It consists of four components viz. Strategic Research, Technology Demonstration, Capacity Building and Sponsored/Competitive Grants.
The four modules of NICRA – natural resource management, improving soil health, crop production and livestock – is aimed making the farmers self-reliant.

PM Kisan SAMPADA Yojana

Consider the following statements with reference to the PM Kisan SAMPADA Yojana:

PM Kisan SAMPADA Yojana is an umbrella scheme with its period coterminous with the cycle of 15^th Finance Commission.
It is a comprehensive package which will result in creation of modern infrastructure with efficient supply chain management from farm gate to retail outlet.

Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct?

	A	Only 1

	B	Only 2

	C	Both 1 and 2

	D	Neither 1 nor 2

Your Ans is

Right ans is B

Your Answer Is Correct

Your Answer Is Wrong

Explanation :

PM Kisan SAMPADA Yojana(PMKSY) is a Central Sector Scheme aiming to create modern infrastructure with efficient supply chain management from farm gate to retail outlet.
It is an umbrella scheme with its period coterminous with the cycle of 14^th Finance Commission.

Objectives

Creation of modern infrastructure for food processing mega food parks/ clusters and individual units
To create effective backward and forward linkages - linking farmers, processors and markets
To create robust supply chain infrastructure for perishables

Seven Components of PMKSY

Mega Food Parks
Integrated Cold Chain and Value Addition Infrastructure
Creation/ Expansion of Food Processing/ Preservation Capacities (Unit Scheme)
Infrastructure for Agro-processing Clusters
Creation of Backward and Forward Linkages
Food Safety and Quality Assurance Infrastructure
Human Resources and Institutions

Shamlat Land

Consider the following statements with reference to the Shamlat land in Punjab:

Shamlat is one of three categories of common land in Punjab villages. ‘Shamlat’ land is owned by the village panchayat.
This land is mainly used for cultivation, and is allotted for this through an open auction that is conducted by the Rural Development and Panchayat Department every year.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

	A	Only 1

	B	Only 2

	C	Both 1 and 2

	D	Neither 1 nor 2

Your Ans is

Right ans is C

Your Answer Is Correct

Your Answer Is Wrong

Explanation :

Shamlat is one of three categories of common land in Punjab villages. ‘Shamlat’ land is owned by the village panchayat.
The second category, ‘Jumla Mushtraka Malkan’ is land in a common pool made with villager’s personal contributions, and is managed by the panchayat.
The third category, ‘Gaucharan’, too belongs to the panchayat, and is for cattle grazing. Over time, however, all such lands have come to be known as Shamlat land.
Shamlat land is mainly used for cultivation, and is allotted for this through an open auction that is conducted by the Rural Development and Panchayat Department every year.
One-third of Punjab’s Shamlat lands are reserved for Dalits. Around 25,000 to 26,000 families in the state, mostly Dalits, depend on this land for their livelihood.
Over half of Punjab’s Shamlat land is concentrated in the six districts of Patiala (highest at 15.5%), Gurdaspur, Ludhiana, Kapurthala, Fatehgarh Sahib and Amritsar.

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